Serves as a host for plant pathogens and other organisms than can damage native plants.
Covers ground so densely that native tree and shrub seedlings cannot germinate and grow.
Grows up the trunks of mature native trees and into the canopy, limiting the ability of the trees to produce food through photosynthesis and to continue to grow.
Uses space, water, sunlight, and nutrients for its own growth, leaving little or none for native species.
